Press release Sint Maarten

Vreemdelingenbewaring in Curaçao

posted by Luceira Granviel

August 17th 2020

 183

WILLEMSTAD – De Raad heeft in het kader van de jaarlijkse monitoring van de processen bij de detentie inrichting “Sentro di Detenshon i Korekshon Kòrsou” (verder SDKK), besloten om de bejegening van de in bewaring gestelde vreemdelingen mee te nemen. Bij deze inspectie heeft de Raad het volgende geconstateerd.

Bevoegdheden

De Minister van Justitie is volgens artikel 19 van de Landsverordening Toelating en Uitzetting (verder LTU) bevoegd om vreemdelingen in bewaring te stellen. Volgens dit artikel kan de Minister van Justitie de onder hem dienende commissaris van politie of zijn plaatsvervanger machtigen deze bevoegdheden namens hem uit te oefenen. In de praktijk blijkt dat de beslissing om een vreemdeling al dan niet in bewaring te stellen door een hulpofficier van Justitie ingedeeld bij de vreemdelingenpolitie met de rang van inspecteur van politie wordt genomen. De Raad heeft niet geconstateerd dat aan de commissaris van politie of zijn plaatsvervanger schriftelijk mandaat is verleend.

De vreemdelingenbarakken bij het SDKK zijn aangewezen als het huis van bewaring voor illegale vreemdelingen. Het inrichtingsplan van het Korps Politie Curaçao (verder KPC) bepaalt dat de specialist vreemdelingen belast is met de begeleiding van het traject van de inbewaringstelling en de verwijdering van (illegale) vreemdelingen.

De bevoegdheid van executieve politieambtenaren om een vreemdeling, ter handhaving van de LTU, te vragen om zich te identificeren is geregeld in de Landsverordening Identificatieplicht. Uit deze bepaling wordt de bevoegdheid tot staandehouding afgeleid. De Raad acht het echter wenselijk om voor de staandehouding een expliciete regeling in het leven te roepen.

Ter verificatie van de verblijfsstatus of om de bewaring voor te bereiden wordt een vreemdeling overgebracht naar het kantoor van de Vreemdelingenpolitie. De vreemdeling wordt na de aankomst in de daarvoor corresponderende cel opgehouden. Volgens de HIG duurt deze vrijheidsbeneming (“ophouden”) maximaal 6 uur waarbij de nachtelijke uren niet worden meegeteld. De Raad constateert dat de ophouding van de vreemdeling niet (expliciet) in de wet is geregeld. Slechts de HIG vermeldt dat een vreemdeling opgehouden kan worden ter vaststelling van zijn identiteit en zijn verblijfsrecht. De Raad acht ook hier een bestuursrechtelijke voorziening wenselijk.

De veiligheidsfouillering en de bevoegdheid tot het aanleggen van handboei aan vreemdelingen zijn vastgelegd in de Rijkswet Politie en de Ambtsinstructie Politie.

Beleid en procedures

Het beleid ten aanzien van de vreemdelingenbewaring is vastgelegd in de Herziene Instructies aan de Gezaghebbers uit 2006 (verder HIG). Dit beleidsdocument dient te worden aangepast. Er ligt een concept klaar. De Raad is van oordeel dat het concept op korte termijn moet worden vastgesteld. Een vreemdeling die in het kader van de handhaving van de bepalingen van de LTU naar het kantoor van de vreemdelingenpolitie wordt overgebracht, wordt door een hulpofficier van justitie gehoord om de detentiegeschiktheid en de mogelijkheid om een lichter middel dan de bewaring toe te passen (proportionaliteitsbeginsel) vast te stellen. Er vindt geen vastlegging plaats van hetgeen tijdens het horen van de vreemdeling aan de orde wordt gesteld. De Raad acht vastlegging noodzakelijk voor de transparantie en de controle. Indien de inbewaringstelling niet wordt bevolen wordt een meldingsplicht opgelegd. Als de inbewaringstelling noodzakelijk is wordt een beschikking tot verwijdering en inbewaringstelling aan de vreemdeling uitgereikt.

Een in bewaring gestelde vreemdeling wordt door de vreemdelingenpolitie naar het SDKK gebracht. Er is geen speciale applicatie waarin de personalia van de in bewaring gestelde vreemdelingen worden geregistreerd. Registratie vindt eerst plaats in een cahier en later in het Word programma. Er is een achterstand ontstaan in de digitale registratie. Dit tast de informatiepositie van het SDKK in negatieve zin aan. Naar het oordeel van de Raad moet een programma voor de registratie van vreemdelingen worden geïntroduceerd.

In de praktijk wordt doorgaans op de beschikking vermeld dat een in bewaring gestelde vreemdeling binnen een termijn van dertig dagen zal worden verwijderd. Volgens respondenten komt het in de praktijk voor dat deze termijn verloopt zonder dat de vreemdeling is verwijderd. Het SDKK noch de betrokken vreemdeling worden hierover ingelicht. De Raad is van oordeel dat de transparantie en rechtszekerheid hierdoor niet worden geborgd en acht een voorziening met inachtneming van de in de jurisprudentie ontwikkelde criteria noodzakelijk.

Elke beschikking vermeldt de mogelijkheid om een rechtsmiddel in te stellen. In plaats van beroep bij de rechter kan de vreemdeling een bezwaarprocedure instellen. Hoewel de HIG ervan uitgaat dat aan de in bewaring gestelde vreemdelingen dezelfde rechten toekomen als een op grond van het Wetboek van Strafvordering van zijn vrijheid beroofde persoon, blijkt in de praktijk dat er geen kosteloze (lees: gratis) bijstand wordt toegekend aan de in bewaring gestelde vreemdelingen. Er is ook geen procedureregeling waarbij het contact met een advocaat is geregeld. De Raad is van oordeel dat een regeling moet worden getroffen.

Organisatie

Bij de unit vreemdelingen van het KPC en de barakken bij het SDKK waren ten tijde van het onderzoek een te kort aan personeel. De leden van het SDKK zijn getraind om vreemdelingen te bejegenen maar de leden van het KPC hebben geen training daarvoor gekregen.

De barakken van het SDKK werden ten tijde van het onderzoek verbouwd om de veiligheid en de bejegening van vreemdelingen te verbeteren. De cellen bij het Politiekantoor te Winston Churchillweg hadden geen faciliteiten om persoonlijke bezittingen van de vreemdelingen op te bergen en adequate ventilatie. De cel op de luchthaven moet van drinkwater- en sanitaire faciliteiten worden voorzien.

De in bewaring gestelde vreemdelingen worden formeel niet in kennis gesteld van bepaalde rechten, waaronder het recht op bijstand van een raadsman, het recht op een tolk en het recht om zijn consul te mogen spreken. Er is een procedure om klachten af te handelen en een afdeling belast met de afhandeling, maar er zijn geen brievenbussen geplaatst om klachten te deponeren. Vreemdelingen mogen geen bezoek ontvangen bij het SDKK maar bij het politiekantoor.

De Raad is van oordeel dat de organisatie verbeterd moet worden.

Het volledige inspectierapport is digitaal beschikbaar op www.raadrechtshandhaving.com

183 comments on “Vreemdelingenbewaring in Curaçao”

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